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Understanding the Electrocardiogram

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  1. Home
  2. Understanding the Electrocardiogram In Health & Disease
  3. 1.0.0 Generation of the ECG
  4. 1.9.0 ECG Leads and Placement

1.9.23

In accordance with Kirchhoff’s Law, the sum of the voltages recorded in aVR, aVL, and aVF is also equal to zero. When these leads are superimposed on the triaxial system, a hexaxial system is created with 12 equal angles of 30°. This allows the more precise localization of the electrical forces in the frontal plane. It should be noted that lead aVF is perpendicular to lead I, lead aVL is perpendicular to lead II and lead aVR is perpendicular to lead III.

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  • Introduction to First Edition
  • 1.0.0 Generation of the ECG
    • 1.1.0 Basic Physiology
    • 1.2.0 SA Node & Pacemakers
    • 1.3.0 Atrial Depolarization
    • 1.4.0 Atrio Ventricular Conduction
    • 1.5.0 Ventricular Depolarization
    • 1.6.0 Repolarization
    • 1.7.0 Events at the Cellular Level
    • 1.8.0 Electrodes
    • 1.9.0 ECG Leads and Placement
      • 1.9.1
      • 1.9.2
      • 1.9.3
      • 1.9.4
      • 1.9.5
      • 1.9.6
      • 1.9.7
      • 1.9.8
      • 1.9.9
      • 1.9.10
      • 1.9.11
      • 1.9.12
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      • 1.9.21
      • 1.9.22
      • 1.9.23
      • 1.9.24
      • 1.9.25
      • 1.9.26
      • 1.9.27
      • 1.9.28
      • 1.9.29
  • 2.0.0 The Normal Electrocardiogram
  • 3.0.0 Inter and intra-ventricular Conduction Disturbances
  • 4.0.0 Ventricular Hypertrophy
  • 5.0.0 ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES, DRUG EFFECTS AND THE LONG QT SYNDROMES
  • 6.0.0 Ischemia and Infarction - Introduction (frame i and ii)
  • 7.0.0 Tachycardias- Introduction
  • 8.0.0 The Bradycardias frame i-introduction
  • 9.0.0 The ECG of Heart Murmurs-introduction
  • 10.0.0 The Electrocardiogram in the Emergency Department-Introduction
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